Flying-machine.



G. HARTMANN. FLYING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED IEB.Z8, 1913. Y

Patented July 21, 19%

WITNESSES mvsurorr CARL HflRTMA/V/V g BY 4 v ATTORNEYS 0. HARTMANN.

FLYING MACHINE.

, APPLICATION rum) rnn.2a,191a. 1,104,1 14, Patented July 21, 1914,

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INVENTUR ATTORNE Y8 CARL HARTMANN, 0F CORONA, NEW YORK.

FLYING-MACHIN E.

Specification of Letters Patent.

. Patented July 21, 1914.

Application filed February 28, 1913. Serial N 0. 751,218.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be ,it known that I, GARL'HARTMANN, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Corona, Queens county, Long Island, State of New York, have invented certaln new and useful Improvements in Flying- Machines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to flying machines of the heavier-than-air type and to the particular class of such machines which is provided with ropellers for lifting the machine verticail this class of flying machines being often spoken of as the helicopter variety.

Theobject of my invention is to provide a machine of the class specified capable of being so manipulated and controlled that the same may be lifted vertically or maybe made to 0 forward or backward at any desired ange with the horizontal and at any convenient speed.

A further object of my invention is to provide a machine as specified such that it may be steered in its path through the an so as to change its direction at will either laterally or vertically or both.

My invention resides in certain structural combinations set forth in the claims and-described in the specification and'will be better understood by referring to the accompanying drawings in which Figure 1 represents a plan view, looking from above, of a preferred form of my invention; 'Fig. 2 represents an end elevation taken from the left*(or front) of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 represents a side elevation of the machine as it appears when moving forward through the air parallel to the earths surface; Fig. 4 represents (at rest upon the ground) a similar view of a modification of the machine shown in Figs. 13, said modification having a gravity control substituted for the forward horizontal rudder; and Figs. 5 and 6 show respectively, on an enlarged scale, side and top plan views of the gravity control, used in the machine of d Fig. 4.

Referring to the drawings, av single flat plane 1 of suitably prepared fabric or equiv-- alent material is mounted upon a-frame comprising bars 2 and braces 3. This plane may be described as rectangular with opposite similar circular segments 4 removed on the sides thereof. Plane 1 and its frame are supported upon-the top of a mainframe or cage 5 comprising suitable members and braces arranged skeleton-fashion and carr1 es the englne, the gears connecting the en-. glne to the propellers, the seat for the operator, and the controlling devices for the engineand rudders or other steering means. To the lower part of the main frame are attached wheels 6 upon which the machine rests when upon the ground and upon which the mach1ne may run in leaving the ground or 1n landing. There are two propellers 7 arranged symmetrically uponeach side of the machine just above the circular segments 4 which have been removed from the plane. These propellers are fixed to shafts held by the frame of the plane and by the main frame and are connected by belts 7 to a mam shaft 8 operated by the engine 9. At

the rear end of the plane 1 is arranged a vertical steering-rudder 10. This rudder is attached to the machine by a pivot 11 perpendlcular to the plane 1 and provided with controlhng cords 12 connected with the controlllng lever 13 at the left of the operators 'seat 14:. .Pivoted upon a horizontal axis 15 arranged Just in frontof and parallel with the front e ge of the plane 1 is a horizontal rud-' der '16 provided with a weight 17 at one end thereof. This rudder, similarly to rudder 10, has controlling cords 18 connected with a controlling lever 19 at the right of the operators seat. According to the description just given, it will be seen that the center of gravity of the completed machine lies well below the plane 1.

In constructing my machine, I preferably so dispose its parts and adjust the weight thereof that when the operator is in his seat and the horizontal rudder 16 is turned so that its weight 17 is nnmediately adjacent the front edge of plane 1, the center of gravity will lie in the intersection 'of central vertical planes drawn respectively from front to-rear and transversely through the machine.

The operation of my flying machine is as follows: The horizontal rudder 16 being placed horizontally with the weight 17 next to the plane 1 as just described, and the weight of the parts having been suitably adjusted to'the weight of the operator, when the engine is started, the two propellers will lift the machine directly upward. If now, it

is desired to go forward, the horizontal rud 11o I der 16 is turned through 180 The resultant of these by use of the operating lever 19. This will throw the weight 17 forwardaway from the plane 1 and so change the position of the center of gravity of the machine that the front end of the same will tip downwardly. The machine will then be subject to two forces, one the force of gravitation tending to pull it vertically downward, and the other the lift of the propeller wheels tending to move the machine at right angles to the plane 1, 1'. 0., at an angle with the earths surface. two forces will be a forwardly directed line which makes a certain angle to the horizon, which angle may be changed by varying the speed and hence the lifting power of the propellers. This angle may also be changed by rotating the horizontal rudder 16 so as to make a greater or less angle with the plane 1. Thus, if the horizontal rudder 16 be set as in Fig. 3, so that its rear half makes an acute angle (measuring from the under surface) with the plane 1, the machine will tend to .rise, as it moves forwardly, at a greater rate thanwould be the case were the horizontal rudder in the plane 1 with the weight 17 thrown forward as in the second case described.

As the machine advances, whether at one angle with the horizontal or another, its direction may be varied laterally by suitably varying the position of the vertical rudder 10. And by varying the positions of both the horizontal rudder 16 and the vertical rudder 10 at the same time, any desired angle in any azimuth, whether upward or downward with respect to the earths surface, may be had.

If the weight 17 and the weights of the machine parts be adjusted so that the machine isin balance about its central, longitudinal and transverse planes when the horizontal rudder stands at right angles to the plane 1, then by turning the horizontal rudder so as to throw the weight 17 outward, the machine may be made/to fly forwardly, while if the horizontal rudder is so turned that the weight 17 is thrown to the rear, the machine may be made to fly rearwardly.

Instead of using the forward horizontal rudder 16 I may substitute therefor the arrangement shown in Figs. 4-6 comprising a sliding weight 20 arranged to move upon a guide rod 21 attached to the front end of the plane 1 and projected forwardly therefrom. To this Weight ling cords 22 connected with the control lever at the right of the operators seat, and by this control lever the operator is enabled to shift the weight forwardly and back at will just as, in the machine of Figs. 13, the horizontal rudder 16 was controlled.

By balancing the machine so that with -5 the weight 2.0 at about the center point of.

the machine lies in the intersection o are attached controlits guide rod 21, the center of gravit of f the central longitudinal and transverse planes, and the operator is enabled to rise directly upward when the engine is started. By then moving the weight 20 frontwardly, the front end of the machine is depressed and forward movement takes place. If the weight 20 is moved rearwardly instead of frontwardly, the machine moves correspondingly to the rear, and by suitably combining the movement of the steering rudder 10 with the movement of the weight 20, all of the various directions of movement are secured as were secured with the machine of Figs. 13 by combining the movement of the vertical and horizontal rudders.

It will be seen that my machine possesses a number of important advantages. Thus, by reason of its ability to rise directly upward, the machine does not require a running start in order to get into the air. Similarly, in stopping, it may be made to descend directly downward. In the latter case, either the horizontal rudder 16 (or the weight 20) must be so set that any forward momentumwhich the machine possesses, may be neutralized; this may be accomplished by so adjusting the forward rudder (or its equivalent weight 20), that the machine tips downwardly at its rear end instead of on its front. As soon as this momentum has been completely neutralized, the machine may be brought to the horizontal position, when, of course, it will descend directly downward. The ability to rise directly upward is in itself, furthermore, an important advantage irrespective of thereby avoiding a running start since the attainment of a certain height in the shortest time is often the end desired. The two propellers 7 are so arranged that they revolve in opposite directions and at the same speeds. In this way any purely rotative effect which either propeller might exerciSe upon the machine is exactly neutral.- ized by the other propeller. Should the engine be stopped either purposely or accidentally when the machine is in the air, the controlling devices may be so adjusted that the machine will glide to the ground just as will a machine of any of the well-known plane types.

Having described my invention, I claim:

1. A flyin machine comprising a plane lying above the center of gravity of the machine, propellers on opposite sides of said plane and having turnlng axes at right angles thereto,, a vertical steering rudder at one end of the machine, and a horizontal steering rudder pivoted upon an axis pass ing through its center and lying in front of the before mentioned plane said rudder having one side heavier than the other.

2. A flying machine comprising a plane lyin above the center of avit tofpthe ma- "de andmeahs for changing the angle of 0 chiufi, propellers 01f opp s ite sides of said idhorizontal rudder.

lane and havin turnm axes at ri ht an- In testimony whereof I have hereunto set I P g g g gles thereto, a vertical steering ru der at my hand in the presence of two subscribing 5 one end of the machine, a horizontal steer- Witnesses.

mg rudder symmetrically disposed as to a CARL central axis at the other end of the machine Witnesses: therudder-portion on one side of said axis; ELMER GLomLnmo,

b ing heavier than the portion on the other Fnrrz ZIEGLER, J 

